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The recorded history of Karnataka goes back more than two millennia. Several great empires and dynasties have ruled over Karnataka and have contributed greatly to the history, culture and development of Karnataka. The impact of kingdoms of Karnataka origin have been felt over other parts of India also. The Chindaka Nagas of central India, Gangas of Kalinga (Odisha),〔Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat, ''Concise history of Karnataka'', 2001, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002)〕 Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta,〔Dr. B.R. Bhandarkar argues that even the viceroys (''Dandanayaka'') of the Gujarat line hailing from the Rashtrakuta family signed their Sanskrit records in Kannada, examples of which are the Navasari and Baroda plates of Karka I and the Baroda records of Dhruva II. The Gujarat Rashtrakuta princes used Kannada signatures as this was the mode of writing in their native country, meaning Kannada country says Dr. Bhandarkar, ''A Concise History of Karnataka'', Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath〕 Chalukyas of Vengi,〔Dr. Suryanath Kamath, Prof. K.A.N. Sastri, Arthikaje〕 Yadava Dynasty of Devagiri were all of Kannada origin〔Dr. Ritti has argued thus. Even though the Seuna or Yadava ruled from Devagiri (850-1315), literature in Kannada was prolific in their kingdom along with Sanskrit, coinage with Kannada legends have been discovered and most of their inscriptions are in Kannada, indicating that they were Kannadaigas who migrated north due to political situation. Marathi literature started from around 1190 C.E., Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat, ''Concise history of Karnataka'', 2001, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002)〕 who later took to encouraging local languages. ==Pre-history== The credit for doing early extensive study of prehistoric Karnataka goes to Robert Bruce-Foote and this work was later continued by many other scholars.〔Scholars such as R.V.Joshi, S.Nagaraju, A.Sundara etc. (Kamath 2001, p15)〕 The pre-historic culture of Karnataka (and South India in general) is called the hand-axe culture, as opposed to the Sohan culture of North India. Paleolithic hand axes and cleavers in the shape of pebbles made with quartz and quartzite which have been found in places such as Lingadahalli in Chikkamagaluru district and Hunasagi in Yadgir district, and a wooden spike at Kibbanahalli in Tumkur district are examples of old stone age implements.〔Discovered by Dr. K. Paddayya in 1974 (Kamath 2001, pp15-16)〕 There are reports that a polished stone axe was discovered at Lingasugur in the Raichur district〔The hand axe was discovered by Primrose (Kamath 2001, p15)〕 Neolithic sites (new stone age) of importance are Maski in Raichur district, Brahmagiri in Chitradurga district etc., with abundance of evidence that man begun to domesticate animals such as cows, dogs and sheep, use copper and bronze weapons, wear bangles, rings, necklaces of beads and ear-rings and have burial chambers. To the end of the Neolithic era, during the Megalithic age, people in Karnataka began to use long swords, sickles, axes, hammers, spikes, chisels and arrows, all made of iron.〔Kamath (2001), p18〕 Scholarly hypothesis postulates contacts between the Indus Valley (3300 BCE - 1300 BCE) cities of Harappa and Lothal, citing the discovery of gold found in the Harappan sites that was imported from mines in Karnataka.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prehistoric culture of Karnataka )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Trade )〕 Evidence of Neolithic habitation of areas in modern Karnataka and celts dating back to the 2nd century BCE were first discovered in 1872. There are reports that a polished stone axe was discovered at Lingsugur in the Raichur district; however the authenticity of these reports remains unverifiable. Megalithic structures and burial grounds were discovered in 1862 in the regions of Kodagu and Moorey Betta hills, while Neolithic sites were discovered in north Karnataka.〔 Scholarly hypothesis postulates of contacts between the Indus Valley city of Harappa in 3000 BCE, citing the discovery of gold found in the Harappan sites that was imported from mines in Karnataka.〔http://metalrg.iisc.ernet.in/~wootz/heritage/K-hertage.htm〕〔(History of Karnataka by Mr. Arthikaje: Pre Historic Culture )〕〔(Ancient India - Staff Room )〕〔http://www.hindunet.org/saraswati/html/artefacts.htm〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Karnataka」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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